Tshiab tawm lub presses, tus Miami xia npauj npaim (MBB) yog tam sim no uas teev raws li tsoom fwv rau lawv raws li tsab cai txog kev ceev ntaub ntawv. huzzah! (txoj cai?)
Miami xia npauj npaim ntawm Butterflies of America
Kuv thawj xav tau “tos, tsis yog qhov no twb sim?”. Yog, koj lem tawm lub MBB lawm lub xeev-rau lawv txij thaum 2002 tom qab siv dhau los thaum muaj xwm ceev ntawv thov tsab ntawv los ntawm lub koom haum North American npauj npaim (NABNPAWB). Cov kev ntsuas no seemed qhia ntawv txaus vim no npauj npaim tshwm nowhere lwm nyob rau teb chaws USA. Tab sis cov uas tseem tsis tau ib qho kev qhia tseem ceeb thiab kuv tsis pom muaj mob tiag tiag hauv tsoom fwv diam lwm npauj npaim. Kom paub meej tus Florida daws tau moog haujlwm txhua pab lawv ua tau thaum nws los txog rau tiv thaiv cov ib puag ncig.
Ua ib hom endangered rau Miami xiav (Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri) yog ib tug extension qaum teb ntau yam ntawm ib hom uas feem ntau muaj tshwm sim thoob Caribbean. Txawm tsis yog tiag li yus cov neeg txoj txaus warrant ib subspecies ntawm nws tus kheej tsi muaj ib yam dab tsi uas kuv yuav yeej nyob vim kuv kuj tsis yog tus npauj npaim yawg nyob hauv tsawg tshaj plaws. Kuv heev tsis paub txaj muag deb ntawm tsab cai idea tag nrho ntawm lub subspecies, tab sis, hav, Kuv twv no npauj npaim hais mav tau ib yam dab tsi ua! No thiab mas, kuv influxes ntawm kev nyuaj siab vim emigrating yuav lawm hloov abundance nyob rau yav qab teb sab ntawm Florida zajlus kom. Rau qhov thaum ntxov 1950 ntawd cov kab siv tau ntau txog down ntug hiav txwv dej yuav luag thoob plaws lub xeev. Lub xeem 60 khib xyoo tau rau Florida txia ntshav – kev loj hlob thiab yoov tshaj cum tseem muaj ravaged zoo li cas los tej vaj tse pristine. Tag nrho tus butterflies yog txoj.
Ces kuv pom tau hais muaj tau ib yam dab tsi khib heev hais txog daim ntawv tshaj tawm: yog cov ntaub ntawv ceev li ceev tau tseem qhia tag nrho zoo li nyuaj uas yuav muab vaj tsev rau cov MBB uas raug teeb meem thiab tiv thaiv thiaj li! Ua li cas? Vim lawv nrhiav ib yam li cov MBB. Cov kev nyuaj siab vim yog lub Cassius xiav (Leptotes cassius), Ceraunus xiav (Hemiargus ceraunus), thiab cov Nickerbean xiav (Cyclargus ammon). Peb tau txais ib yam ncaj – ob lub Cassius thiab Ceraunus kev nyuaj siab vim yog tsis muaj txoj kev ua tau raug teeb meem yog tsis pub tsawg tshaj. Nkawd ob leeg yuav – incredibly ntau hom khwv yees li uas tag nrho cov Carribbean spans, gulf ntug dej hiav txwv hnub poob mus rau California thiab dej strays rau uas nyob nruab ntsab!
Kuv hais li ntawd, li cas muaj qhov no ntxiv?
Gary Larson, Far sab
Huag yog – mongering ntshai tuaj rau koj los ntawm cov radically loj collecting Qaumteb npauj npaim Association. NABA perceives muab khaws tseg ua gravest tias ib tug rau npauj npaim ceev dua qhov zoo kawg tsis muaj cov pov thawj. Yog, txhua collector nws txoj sia yog ntaus pob ncaws pob ua phem dhaus cape dub thiab ua lawv lub neej kev ua hauj lwm tua kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Cas cov koom haum no muaj tswj kom convince cov USFWS lawv tau ib txoj. Kuv tsis tau ua no cov nqe lus muab kev ncaj ncees, vim li ntawd yog lub caij nyoog tsocai no.
tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev pab cuam no muab ib 4(d) tshwj xeeb cov cai ntawm cov hom los tsim prohibitions ntawm cov khoom thiab tej lag luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Daim ntawv no kuj tsis pub cov ntshuam qhov ua, thiab export ntawm, cov As Mes Liv Kas tus zoo ib yam li peb butterflies. Txwv tsis pub mus ua tau tej no zoo ib yam li butterflies — xws li raws li txoj cai kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab, txiav nyom, thiab siv tsheb — tsis txwv. Extending prohibitions tus uas sau los, muaj lwm yam khoom, thiab luam mus zoo ib yam li cov butterflies peb yuav muab ntau dua cov kev tiv thaiv rau Miami xiav.
Kuv yog honestly speechless. Qhov tshij, tej zaum kuv yuav tswj tau ob peb lo lus ntxiv.
Koj mus koj thiab luaj nroj hauv koj thaj ntawm tej vaj tse thiab ces tsuag herbicide rau. Tab sis koj zoo tsis twv tau/khaws ib zaug xwb xiav… menyuam lub USFWS.
Lawv kuj dab tsi yuav theej paranoid. Ntsoov, poaching li txhua txhua ib zaug hauv ib chim txawm twg hom uas koj tiv thaiv. Seb nws yuav nyiaj los yog khoom noj khoom haus, ob peb khib tsiaj yuav muab nqa. Tab sis, yog muaj tej yam tim khawv tiag kom txhawb tau craziness sim no? Feem ntau cov citations hauv lub npe ntawm tus neeg mob no, tsis saib-rov los xyuas dua txhua hnub.
qhov kev txiav txim tias ntawv; uas tseem ceeb heev rau tus npauj npaim xiav Miami vaj tse yuav tsis txawj ntse vim publishing maps thiab qhia txog tej chaw tseem ceeb heev ntawm tej vaj tse yuav nyob nrog ncha moo lub chaw qhia kiag tus npauj npaim los poachers, lolus, thiab vandals ntuj ntxiv pab tshem thiab rhuav cov vaj tse rau npauj npaim.
Huag kuv hlub quotes: (tau qhov twg los)
tab sis kuj ntawd hais tias yog tsis muaj pov thawj los txog rau tam sim no los sis dhau los sau siab rau tus Miami xiav (FWC 2010, p. 13)… Txawm hais tias peb tsis muaj pov thawj uas tsis raws cai sau los ntawm tus Miami xiav, peb muaj pov thawj ntawm tsi raws cai sau los ntawm lwm butterflies los ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws lands nyob rau sab qab zog Florida …
…Tib lub Web site muaj nrws ntawm ob tug lwm butterflies zoo nyob rau hauv qhov tsos kom lub Miami xiav; lub xiav ceraunus sells tam sim no rau €4.00 ($5.57), thiab cov cassius xiav yog muaj nyob rau €2.50-10.00 ($3.48-$13.93).
… Yog li no, tseem tau tias lolus uas cai los mus sau hom zoo li tej zaum mej (los yog txhob txwm) sau tus Miami npauj npaim xiav uas nws xav tau, los npaj siv qhov lawv xav tias nws yog, lub xiav cassius, nickerbean xiav, los yog xiav ceraunus
Tsis tau rau kuv lawm – nyiaj pab ntxiv thiab kev tiv thaiv rau ib hom tsawg tej zaum yuav pab tau li cov vaj tse yuav ceev tau zoo. No mas, tab sis hais tias feem coob ntawm cov nyiaj yuav mus rau hauv chaw ua taus zes captive cov kev pab uas ua ntau zoo doubtfully. Yog tus npauj npaim vanishing ntawm cov Islands tuaj tso huab xwb ces tsuas ua zoo rau cov duab zoo nkauj thiab ib tug hom saved tsis.
Kuv yuav muab xa tawm ib solicited saib thiab kuv hais koj tsis zoo li qub. Saib ntawm no ua ntej lub kaum hli ntuj 11, 2011: Tsoom fwv teb chaws eRulemaking Portal: http://www.Regulations.gov. Ua raws li cov lus qhia rau xa tawm cov lus los tsis muaj Docket. [FWS – R4 – LAWV-2011-0043]. Los yog sau ntawv: TUAJ. ntsej tim muag los yog tes-tub: Pej xeem khiav Comments, Attn: Lien Docket tsis. [FWS – R4 – LAWV-2011-0043]; Faib los ntawm txoj cai thiab kev tswj xyuas dua; TUAJ. Cov ntses thiab cov tsiaj qus Service; 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, MS 2042-PDM; Arlington, VAM 22203..
Nyob zoo txog Mr. Grinter,
Ua ib tus paub txog, Kuv paub tseeb tias koj nquag nrhiav cov yuav txhawb tau cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej yuav ua cov nqe lus. Koj lub xeev uas lub koom haum North American npauj npaim yog radically loj collecting. Tsab ntawv no yog tsis tseeb. Yog koj saib lub 20 xyoo NABA nthuav tawm, koj yuav saib tau yuav luag tsis pav ntawm muab txhua! NABNPAWB, thiab sawv daws nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm coj nrog NABA, muaj tsis muaj teebmeem kiag li nrog collecting butterflies ib lub hom phiaj kev. Kuv yog ib tus paub txog kev (ua tau ntau tus neeg nyob hauv kev cob txaus qhia ntawm NABA), ua hauj lwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv kev kho mob Stanford University thiab nyob Rockefeller University. Kuv yog yeej txhua yam rau kev nug! Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntxiv NABA Scientific Advisory Board, hom leej Holland (Mov University), Naomi Pierce (Harvard University), Robert Robbins (TUAJ. Tsev khaws puav pheej National), Ron Rutowski (Arizona State University), John Shuey (Cov xwm Conservancy) thiab Ernest Hmong/Williams (Hamilton College), muaj tej tus zaum foremost nyob rau hauv teb chaws Mis Kas uas ua hauj lwm nrog butterflies.
NABA ua li cas, ntxiv nrog rau qhov tsis ntshai luaj twg kev tshawb fawb uas ib txhia yog luam tawm nyob rau American Butterflies,) yog qhia kom cov neeg uas tsis zaum (Nws yog ib qho yuav luag txhua tus) rau kev butterflies binoculars thiab cov koob yees duab. No haum ntawm binoculars thiab cov koob yees duab lawm ua rau ib tug zoo kawg li ua kom neeg pes tsawg tus neeg tiag xav siv butterflies thiab no muaj ua nyob hauv tus ua kom peb paub txog butterflies thiab, tseem ceeb tshaj, nyob rau hauv kev nce rau peb muaj peev xwm hluav butterflies.
Hais txog kev nyuaj siab vim Miami, yog tsis NABA kom koj lub USFWS los kuj qhia Ceraunus thiab Cassius nyuaj. Thiab ob kuv, yog tsis pub leej twg los ntawm NABA, hais, yuav tsis ntseeg, los npauj npaim ceev coob ntshai heev txawm yog lolus.
Ua tsaug,
Jeffrey Glassberg, Ph.D.
Tsoom txoov: NABNPAWB
Dr. Glassberg – Ua tsaug rau koj lub sij hawm los teb lus rau kuv saib thiab muab ib co tempering rau kuv xav. Txawm kuv ua tsis ncaj qha mus lees tias NABA muaj nug tus USFWS sau cov Ceraunus thiab Cassius nyuaj, Kuv yeej to taub li ntawd taw tes yuav tau misconstrued. Cas lawv los txog ntawm lub register kuv tsis yog, thiab kuv yog doubly tov los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim los tiv thaiv cov hom thiab wide xws li hom tsaa FWS lawv tus kheej lub xeev “muaj ib qho pov thawj”.
Hauv regards mus NABA kuv ntseeg tias koj yeej yog technically. Lub koom haum teb yeej tsis sau los uas cog noob muaj sentiment collecting loj. Anecdotally kuv yuav hais tias kuv puav tuaj nyob NABA watchers uas muaj vehemently caum pab kuv ntawm tej vaj tse uas kuv tau nkawm muab butterflies. Lawm kuv paub ntau ntxiv mus sau hauv watchers dua hostile watchers, tiam sis nws tseem yog ib nyuag anecdote uas muaj aroused kuv suspicions.
Vim koj yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum thiab tau luam tawm phau ntawv endorsed los ntawm NABA thiab koj tus kheej li cov thawj coj ntawm lub NABA kuv yuav muab koj xav ua tus nom stance ntawm NABA. Dhau qhov ncaj qha tuaj rau koj Butterflies Binoculars sab hnub tuaj koj lub xeev: “Txawm thaum siab sau los tsis ua outright rau lub demise ntawm tus npauj npaim colonial tsawg, ib tug tua tau nyob hauv lub depletion ntawm lub noob pas, thiab yuav ceeb thaum lub colony sunburn me hluav taws no ntawm caj.” Hauj nyob factually hais, tsab ntawv no yog preceded ntawm ib lolus so tawm lub Mitchell Satyr (Nws yog ib qho tseem tsis tu noob). Kuv pom qhov no raws li ib tug heev los tiv thaiv cov kev kawm thiab loj collecting Komtswj. Phau ntawv tseem nrog so los siav kwvyees txog taxonomy thiab lawv cov nomenclature Linnaean, All uas pab txhawb koj “raison d'être” kev sib tham.
Kuv paub tias kuv hlob tuaj muab butterflies thiab nws pab kuv loj hlob naturalist thiab tus paub txog. Thaum tus menyuam yog ib yam zoo, Kuv tsis pom qhov tseeb rau cov kev pab hauv kev kawm los ntawm NABA.
Cov pov cov pov thawj tiam sis tej zaum yuav tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov thiab poignant ntawm no. Koj 2001 editorial hauv American Butterflies (ib cov ntawv NABA) brags txog koj leverage ntawm tej vaj tse rhiab localities ntawm cov Miami xiav pem FWS hauv ib txoj kev los mus yuam kom lawv txhais tes rau hauv txoj kev tiv thaiv
Chris, Kuv twb nyeem hauv no muaj ob peb zaug lawm thiab kuv tseem tsis paub tseeb seb yog vim li cas koj thiaj tuaj nyob rau ntawm arms txog hauv daim qhia rau tsoom fwv teb chaws nraum. Kuv pom nws ua ib maneuver tom qab tus poachers mus raws li txoj cai, feem ntau rau ntawm ib theem thoob ntiaj teb. Kuv muaj visions ntawm counselor yuav ua li cas cov neeg chim bosses yog nabbed rau cov nyiaj ua se evasion es murders uas muaj ib qho pov thawj. Koj puas tau pom cov nqi nqa ib co butterflies? Tus irony no yog tias zaum diam yuav nce dub lag luam tus nqi ntawm cov butterflies thiab cov tsis tau muaj nyob rau ntawm cov websites. Kuv kuj yuav yuam kev, tab sis, yog hais tias muab khaws tseg rau kev siv, ntawv tso cai kuj tseem muab xa tuaj rau hom endangered.
Ntawm zam tsoos NABA, Kuv ib txwm xav tias lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog qhia faj seeb thiab kev txuag cov butterflies; muaj ntau lwm cov koom haum uas siab rau txoj kev sib nrauj, ib yam li cov Lepidopterists’ Haiv neeg. Los ntawd xaus, Jeffrey thiab nws phau ntawv BtB, feem ntau yog nws 1993 ua ntej ib tsab, tau ib txoj hauj lwm zoo thaum puas siv tau rau sawv daws ua butterflies. Ua ntej Peterson tawm los nrog nws qhia txog noog, enthusiasts txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv thiab noog khoom ua si cia li qhia hais tias lawv. Uas yog hnub no unthinkable thiab zoo li cas nrov (thiab lucrative) birding kuj yog. Muab khaws tseg yuav yeej muaj chaw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb kev, tab sis kuv xav hais tias yog tus cog kev naturalists uas tsis muaj cov los tua neeg los yog sib sau cov ntawv thiaj li yuav txaus siab thiab kom paub tseeb.
Phem heev txog koj kev paub nrog cov neeg NABA. Muaj cov ib txwm nrog lwm lub koom haum freaks. Kuv tsis kam nyob qib qub kuv tus kheej rau kuv lub zos huab tais pab, vim cov neeg ob peb suab, pliag zoo-intentioned, feem ntau tau raug kev puas siab accusatory le misinformation lawv yeej khaws. Koj paub tias muaj ib $1000 Fine yog koj nyob nraum ntes tau molesting ib tug huab tais nyob ntawm no? Kuv twb joked tias lub nroog yuav ua nyiaj tagging yog txheej txhua xyoo.
Lub npe bothers kuv vim hais tias muaj ib tsab tsis yog ib tug ntawm poaching qhov teeb meem thiab lolus no nyob vilified tsis tshua vim. Lub FWS hais kom lawv muaj ib qho pov thawj txhawb rau lub tswv yim tias poaching yog cov teeb meem rau tus Miami xiav. Tias lub xeev rau lawv txij thaum 2002 thiab tau mus saib ib poacher tsis tau. Anecdotally kuv muaj tej zaum tseem tsis hnov ntawm ib tug neeg tuag los yog xav ntes ib tug Miami xiav. Kuv tabtom kuj tiny kuj nce mentsis txhawj txog qhov koj sib piv ntawm npauj npaim lolus rau neeg chim bosses. 99% ntawm tus npauj npaim lolus ntshai yog ntshai muaj pes tsawg tus pov thawj txhawb nws mongering. Yog txog, yeej tsis lawm thaj muaj collector ua tus npauj npaim tu noob. Yog koj tsav tsheb – koj yuav tua tau txiav txim kom magnitude ntau butterflies txhua txhua xyoo nej yeej tejzaum nws npau suav kev tuag uas muaj nuj.
Tau kawg no ib luam loj tsawv butterflies, Papilio thiab Ornithoptera ua particular nqa cov nqi xiam thiab kuv twb tseem blogged tham ua ntej. Tab sis, cov nqi tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov rarity ntawm ib hom, tab sis, feem ntau ntawm ib tshem me me xwb – muaj tej feem ntau hybrids, gynandromorphs los yog xim aberrations uas yog tsis muaj dab tsi uas yuav yuav tsis yuav tiv thaiv tau nws. Kuj tseem uas nqa 175,000 los yog tshaj ob peb nplooj las butterflies, tab sis qhov no yog vim muaj qhov nyuaj heev txais rau cov qus (ywg lub roob tim ub los sis hauv kev ua tsov ua rog-tsam). Koj kuj yuav tsum to taub tias yog tsis muaj tiag luam hauv lub Lycaenidae (nyuaj). Yog tsis muaj siab rau poach cov kev nyuaj siab vim tsis muaj thoob ntiaj teb – qhov no yog vim li cas tsis muaj collector muaj puas tau raug ntes tau sim ua. Cov Scahus Swallowtail tiam sis yuav muaj kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb – tab sis tej FWS yuav tsuas yuav los nrog ib tug piv txwv ntawm poaching.
Muaj ib txwm ib lossis ob phem txiv apples thiab tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab tus vaj lub hom rau lawv thiab mus sau tsi raws cai muaj kuv. Tab sis tiv thaiv “zoo sib xws” hom honestly saib dab tsi li yog absurd tus MBB kom tseg txhob muab khaws tseg. Ib poacher “thov” txais ib qho ntsuab uas muaj ib tug Miami xiav rau lawv nqa tuaj yeem muaj tau cai ua ntej no txoj cai kev zoo sib thooj. Nws yooj yim heev los qhia rau cov hom thiaj nyob hauv lub teb no. Tus npauj npaim muab khaws tseg hauv lub zej zog no ua tus xub place, thiab ib feem me me quav ntawm lub zej zog muaj cov neeg uas coj txoj kev cai mus sau. Tej zaum muaj 10 cov neeg hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas uas poach butterflies – peb yeej puas legislate rau lawv?
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm no yog hais tias kab yog tsis noog – pejxeem puab ces vastly yuav txawv yuav hais tias kev cai tswj nyob hauv lub yeej absurd. Kab muaj loj dua vastly ceev, muab kiv of magnitude qe ntxiv, thiab nyob rau lub xyoo xwb ob peb lis piam. Thaum twg koj vas ib tug npauj npaim hauv lub tshav pob 9 lub sij hawm tawm ntawm 10 nws tau twb mated nrog rau ib los yog ntau dua cov maum. Tus npauj npaim poj niam muaj qha feem ntau nws qe los ntawm lub sijhawm nws tseem ntes tau rau tis. Kuv yeej ntes cov maum hoping rau qe thiab tsuas tau ib handful yog ib yam ntawm cov dozens ntau nws muaj twb nteg tsuag.
Muab khaws tseg plays ib tes dej num tseem ceeb nyob npauj npaim ntawv thiab kom dhau cov kev realm. Rau ntau hom koj yuav tsis yog qhia hais tias lawv tsis tau muab khaws tseg hauv nrws ntawm nws kuj. Kuv pom tsis taw tes rau npauj npaim teev watchers Meskas vim muaj ntau cov identifications no tej zaum yuav tsis muaj tseeb thiab yog tsis muaj txoj kev mus xyuas Disease fact (Yog hais tias koj ib birder koj paub qhov teeb meem uas tsis tseeb ID's). Ib tug duab zoo txawm yuav tsuas qhia tau rau 100% neeg 3/4 lub sij hawm.
Kuv yeej tsis xav kom muaj ib feem ntawm ib lub xeev uas cov me nyuam kawm ntawv tsis tau sau butterflies – thiab tam sim no cov me nyuam nyob Florida tsis tau ntes cov ntau nyuaj uas nyob rau ntawm txhua lub paj hauv lawv qaum tsev. Feem coob ntawm cov tshuaj tua yoov collections nyob puas yog tsis los ntawm kev tshawb fawb zaum, tab sis, yog hobbyists. Kuv hlob tuaj muab butterflies vim nws muaj kev lom zem, tsis vim kuv yog ib tug 10 soj ntsuam xyoo. Kuv hobby tsim rau ib tug mob siab rau, muaj hauj lwm mus rau kev kawm. Kuv tsis muaj ib qho teeb meem uas muaj menyuam, Kuv xav tias nws yog poj, thiab kuv xav hais tias NABA twb tswj kom sawv “khiav”. Txawm li cas los kuv tsis pom li cas kev txuag thiaj yuav tiav thaum nws tseem tsis raws li nyob rau hauv kev kawm. Cov neeg yuav mislead ua xav tsis-kev muab khaws tseg (thiab muab tag nrho) yog siab phem thiab nws tseem ua kev zej zog tag nrho ib disservice.
Tam sim no, uas yog ib tug sib cav zoo dua koj tus ncej, Chris. Haha, Thov txim kuv hais bosses neeg npau taws. Kuv kis tau tias muaj cov txhaum uas yog nyob ze tsis yooj yim sua kom paub qhov tseeb, tab sis, tsis yog nws tsis ua li. Chaw rau txim tau ua li cas yuav mus tom qab ib yam khoom uas yuav raug ntes tau, zoo li evasion nyiaj ua se tau los no nab cuab kev coj mus muag lag luam tawm ntawm mob(nurses) nrhiav butterflies. Tus heev tsawg ntawm lawv nyob nraum tam sim no armed muaj ib txoj cai uas yuav pub ob leeg sib sau cov ntawv pov thawj. Kuv xav hais tias muaj ntau tshaj rau cov dab neeg txog vim li cas thiaj USFWS (tsis NABA) enacted cov kev qhia uas tsis cuab kev. Thiab kuv yog tej yam nws tseem tsis tau vilify rau lolus zoo ib yam li koj los yog koj cov me nyuam kawm ntawv.
Kuv muaj ib tug sau los ua ib tug kas thiab nws consisted saibxyuas zaub qhwv ntsiab thiab grasshoppers. Kuv twb tuaj publishing kev tshawb uas sau ib nrab ib lab npauj nrws hla lub hom 10 xyoo thiab curated ib phau tsev cia puav pheej uas consisted cov chaw donations. Kuv kuj paub ob peb tus neeg uas tau muab tag nrho cov chav pw los yog chav dej nyob hauv lub tsev mus house lawv collections. Kuv vam tias nws yuav nws thiaj li tawm hauv cov collections tom tsev uas yuav khaws cia lawv kev. No zoo kawg li tus nqi muab khaws tseg, Yog hais tias muab yav tas los thiab tuaj mus.
Uas hais tias, feem ntau cov neeg nws txoj sia tsis tau rau hauv kev mus sau los yog kev kawm. Lawv tsuas tsis muaj lub siab ntev los nyiaj. Ntawm no yog qhov twg kuv xav hais tias NABA twb tshuab ib tug kom tau raws li ib tug tsiaj txhu uas tias ntau tus neeg yeej ib tsab tsab ntawv ceeb toom tseem ceeb. Tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus zoo li koj, Chris. Kuv pom paj pej xeem thiab kev kawm ntawv raws li lub ntsiab cheej nyob ntawm suav npauj npaim, tsis tas yog identifications. Txawm hais tias, muaj ntau hom yuav yuav cov lus ntsuam dua tus mus sij hawm ntev los ntawm cov suav txhua xyoo. Tau rau pej xeem pom zoo xav kom zoo nkauj butterflies rau ntau haiv, ces lawv nyob nraum inclined seb tus nqi tiv yeej, los pav tso nyiaj rau hauv tsev uas pab txhawb rau txoj hauj lwm zoo li tus tsis muaj thiab kuv lawm. Os, heev, yog tus nqi nyob rau hauv ib tsab menyuam butterflies. Ceev faj txog tom tes uas koj yuav.
Kuv tseem tsis pom li cas qhov no zoo li yuav mus rau cov se evasion los yog li cas yuav pab sau ntau tshaj qhov tseeb – txawm yog ib tug miami xiav yog poached los tsis (thiab kuv yuav tsis arguing tiv thaiv tsis tau no es tseem). Kuv pom no ntxiv xws li hloov txoj cai ua impersonating Marlon Brando sib npaug zos rau cov tua neeg xwb ces koj mus tau tom qab tus neeg npau taws bosses. Lawv nrhiav tsis tau leej twg poaching yog li lawv yuav muab ib qho thiab ntau hom tsis raws cai – shazam – tam sim no koj yuav nrhiav tau qhov tseeb dua vim hais tias koj nyuam qhuav tsim nws. Mus rau daim duab.
NABA tsis thiab tsis tau enact tej kev cai tiv thaiv, tab sis lawv ho sau ntawv rau daim qhia lub ntawm lub Miami xiav, ob yam nyob hauv 2000 thiab 2010 (lawv daim ntawv ua rau qhov kev tshaj tawm). Nowhere nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kuv pom muaj kev thov kom muaj lwm hom kab, tiam sis muaj muaj tsis muaj tsis NABA yog ib lub koom haum los collecting uas lawv yeej tau mus ties rau tsab kevcai tshiab no… kab tias lawv nyuam qhuav cog noob.
Kuv yog xeem txog kev kawm ntawv tag nrho tiam sis at the expense of tsis yog kev kawm. Kuv paub yuav luag tsis muaj leej twg muaj lub sij hawm yuav tsis yuav puas tau kev pab txaus ua ib tug pej xeem-tus paub txog. Tiam sis NABA yog ib tes generating pej xeem faj seeb thiab kev koom tes uas yog poj – tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes ua nyuaj npaum li cas rau zaum tau ua lawv txoj hauj lwm (tsis caum pab tawm hauv vaj tse). Yog xav txog lub xeem menyuam kawm ntawv/PI tus ua hauj lwm uas muaj kev nyuaj siab vim nyob Florida tam sim no muaj nrauj lub ESA uas yog ib tug npau suav phem tiag – ib txoj kev bureaucratic ntu ntawd tseem NABA muaj ib lub sij hawm yeej nyuab sib ntaus sib (los yog tus neeg ua hauj lwm los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab nyob florida ua tam sim no fim rau ESA vim nws yog ib qhov ua tej lub vaj tsev no ABUNDANT thiab ntau hom cia tshwm zaws heck).
Kuv yuav muab ib daim ntawv qhia txog supporter ntawm NABA yog lawv tsis txhawb ib cheeb tsam loj collecting – heck kuv muaj txawm Vej NABA npauj npaim suav (muaj ib tug nqa tab sis yog).
Ib qho kev pab uas kuv siab txhawb yog cov Lepidopterists’ Haiv neeg “Outernet Project” – muaj lub hom phiaj ntawm muab nets rau cov me nyuam ob txhais tes. http://www.lepsoc.org/education.php
Real endangered hom kab nov yog tus npauj npaim collector. Kuv tsis muaj ib qho teeb meem nrog cov neeg noj cov duab ntawm butterflies. NABA thiab lub zej zog muaj Lepidopterist leej nrog ib qho paj thiab cov kev uas hais kab tias hom phiaj. Tej vaj tse distruction, dav kis tau siv cov tshuaj tua kab, herbicides thiab qhov muag tseem plantings vineyards ntawm no nyob rau California thiab vaj tsev poob ntawm urbanization nyob Florida muaj ntaus ib tug ntau dua nyob deb rau lub demise ntawm tag nrho cov ceev npauj npaim ces ib tug kuj npauj npaim poachers ua tau. Kuv kuv tus kheej embroiled nto moo li txoj cai kev txhaum of Passion thiab tau labled ib tug npauj npaim poacher los ntawm teb chaws As Mes Lis Kas ntses thiab cov tsiaj qus Service. Rau cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau Ornithoptera los yog birdwing butterflies tshwm sim theej tab sis twb muaj pam tiv thaiv ntawm tus U.S.F.W.S. tsis muaj kev txawj ntse seperating ntau hom ntawm tsawg kawg los sis endangered yam uas xav tau rau peb hom kev nyuaj siab vim nyob Florida. Lwm cov ntaub ntawv yog Apollo npuj-npaim yog muaj li wide ib chav tis ntawm Norway mus rau sab qab teb tshaj plaws Spain thiab qaib ntxhw nyob hauv C.I.T.E.S. Lwm qhov khuam rau ntawm hom endangered txoj cai thaum zoo los yog ua tau missapplied rau hom sub. Miskas puas yog tom poorer vim muab butterflies qhov yog ib comerical venture raws li tej yam nqi tau txais dab tsi xa tuaj los yog koj. Thaum koj ponder vim li cas koj saib butterflies tsawg dua txhua xyoo los txog ntawd tauj rain forest txo los ntawm xyoo, thov koj yeej zoo siab koj caw !
Kuv xav tias peb yog lep lolus zoo li yuav liam rau kab yuav tu noob, tau cov neeg tub ceev xwm kev cai tsis mus tom qab uas xav kom hloov tej vaj tse zoo sawb malls los yog chaw nres tsheb ntau developers. Tab sis tus yawg waving ib nuj yog yeeb ncuab? Txoj cai. Kuv twb nyob rau Afghanistan thiab kuv pom muaj tej chaw mus sau Parnassius thiab lwm yam leps zoo heev. Ntuj raug txim, Kuv twb tau soj ntsuam rau lawv thiab tau pom ib co zoo khoom ya. Kuv yuav rau ntes tau ob peb yog tias kuv xav, tab sis muaj cov ambushes, mines, thiab IED tus tos nyob ntau qhov chaw muaj. Tam sim no, Yog hais tias muaj ib tug neeg xav muaj chaltonius A1 Parnassius los yog meutingi, tsis ntshai yuav mus tua, yog tej, tortured, los yog cua tshuab mus, ces lawv yuav mus muaj thiab sib sau cov ntawv no “tsis tshua muaj” yoov. Tib lub sijhawm, tam sim no kuv tsev thiab muaj lub hom phiaj mus kev txaus siab rau kuv hobby thiab muaj tej yaam num ua ob peb, thiab qhov kawg tshaj plaws kuv xav txog yog ib co neeg ua tau rau kom kuv tsis txhob tuag yoov. Kuv muaj qhov no tshwm sim ua ntej txiag hauv lub chaw ua si nyob rau hauv central tennessee, qhov uas muaj ob peb uas txiav txim tias kuv muaj kev tus poacher rau muab nees txaij swallowtails, Swallowtails tsov, thiab tej khaub nymphalids, mus rau ranger thiab sim muab kuv ncaws tawm ntawm lub tiaj ua si. Luckily rau ranger paub tias kuv tau muab khaws tseg, tias kuv muaj ib daim ntawv tso cai ntawd xyoo khoom nyob rau hauv lub xeev cov chaw ua si. Kuv tsuas vam tias kuv tsis muaj neeg yuav txwv kuv lub xyoo no.
Koj xeev tias npauj npaim tsis tau puas raug sau mus extinction. Txawm li cas los, yog ib tug piv txwv zoo paub los ntawm tus uas nws yog npauj ya hnub UK. Lub hav zoov New Burnet npauj muaj tus subsepeies hauv New tom hav zoov uas tsim raws li nws tus “Tshiab” tua tsiaj forest ntawm huab tais William kuv tuaj lub throne hauv 1066. Tus npauj muaj qhov exctinction predicted ntawm lolus rau hnub ntawd hauv lub 1920 los . Muaj tug hnyav coj mus muag muab khaws tseg rau lolus patrolling rau lub chaw nrhiav tus neeg tshiab khiv emerged. Nws duly los ua tu noob.
Tas, Nws yog kev kawm yooj yim uas predation muaj feem xyuam rau ceev. Vim li ntawd nws yog tsim nyog tias peb yuav tsum tiv thaiv cov hom endangered predation therefroe. Peb paub tias ntawm txoj kev soj ntsuam hais tias nws yog tau mus sau ntau lub nrws ntawm ib tug npauj npaim ntawd ntawm me colonies yooj yim.
Ntawm no yog ib yam ntawm ntau cov qauv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem
Cov nram no yog ib qho excerpt ntawm published ntawv. Tus Ecology thiab kev txuag ntawm tus npauj npaim Heath Fritillary, Mellicta athalia. II. Tus neeg laus
Pejxeem cov qauv thiab muaj los ntawm M. S. Phau ntawv Journal Warren ntawm Applied Ecology, Vol. 24, Tsis yog. 2 (Aug., 1987), PP. 483-498
“Tej yam tau ntawm lolus rau M. athalia ceev
Ntau tus sau phau ntawv (e.g. Frohawk 1934) tau pom tias tias qhov muab khaws tseg yuav muaj coj los tus poob M. athalia nyob rau tej cheeb tsam, tab sis lawv ua qhov tseeb me ntsis los txhawb qhov no. Tau tej yam uas cov neeg sojntsuam thiaj yuav raug tus nais maum kuaj xam xyuas cov kev faib ua feem ntawm tus laus muaj hnub nyoog pejxeem uas txhom tau hauv ib hnub tuag muab siab kho (i.e. qhov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj collectable kev faib ua feem) Thaum qhov kos recapture thwmsim. Soj ntsuam, plotted ntawm daim duab. 8, yeeb yam uas ntes tau cov kev faib ua feem tau zoo hais txog cov neeg nyob loj xwb thiab ranged ntawm 4 94%”
Yog hais tias koj tau sau 94% ntawm tus butterflies hauv ib colony koj yuav yeej thauj nws mus extinction.