Tus noj ntawm npaub

Tsev neeg Nepticulidae tuav tej qhov tsawg tshaj plaws npaub paub, thaj tsam li 3-8 hli koojtis-hau rau koojtis-ntsis. Kev sib piv ib kuv muaj imaged ob npaub saum toj no: qhov peb paub ntau tshaj los lawm – Coscinocera hercules uas npaum lis cas cov dos nyob ze li ntawm 9 nti, thiab yog ib qhov tsawg tshaj plaws (Yog tias me quav me speck hauv qab no rau Hercules npauj) – Ectoedemia rubifoliella, tseem imaged nram qab no. Tus Nepticulidae yog miv kuj ceeb tias, nrog nyob 800 hom piav ntawd yuav piv xwb 10% ntawm lub sij (Powell, 2009). Hauv lub tebchaws United States peb tsuas muaj 80 hom, cov uas 25 paub tias sab hnub poob. Thaum twg koj piv ntawd ntau haiv neeg lus kom tus 100 los yog li hom paub ntawm Aas, Nws yog qhov tseeb tias tus neeg paub yog vastly tsis. Ua tau, dhau 80% ntawm cov nepticulid ntau haiv neeg lus tsis raug los ntawm teb chaws Europe ib leeg. Tus coj txawv txawv inversion thaum koj xav tias cov neotropics yog neeg ntiaj teb tseem miv ecosystems tsis tau muaj xwb 74 paub cov hom Nepticulidae! (Puplesis, 2000). Yog vim li cas qhov no thiaj?

Ectoedemia rubifoliella 3.3hli

Stigmella ostryaefoliella 3.1hli

Rau ntau haiv neeg nyob sab Europe lus tau yooj yim yuav piav tseg vim lub siab concentration ntawm bored Lepidopterists. Cov Holarctic fauna no tsis yog cov feem miv thiab nws thiaj li tau ua raws li to taub txog lub ntiaj chaw, tsis qhia qhov no lawv puas muaj keeb kwm ntawm chav txivneej entomologists yos rov 175,000 xyoo ntev. Tiam sis so rau ntawm tus Nepticulidae tshua tsis vim lawv muaj tiag, tiag tiag me me, ib qho nyuaj rau kis, kev taw li cov laus! Kuv yeej muaj me ntsis xyaum los yog kawm tau zoo rau mounting Nepticulidae, thiab lub nrws saum toj no yuav tsum muab teev cia rau hauv Dr. Dave Wagner. Tus heev few uas kuv tau sau los kuv yeej cias pinned thiab tsis spread; thiab txawm tias cov pinning proves ib ces thaum lub ris hauv qab ntawm tes yuav obliterate tus mus tag nrho. Thaj zoo tshaj rau mounting yog ib khob lawv hauv qhov lub freezer thiab pin lawv thaum lawv tseem ciaj sia. Tsis rau cov tub kom zoo, tab sis tib txog kev mus ua tus npauj tawm kom qhuav ua ntej koj ob lub qhov muag thiab qhov tsis tau muab. Tawv li thaum cov laus neeg muaj hwj, tus menyuam kab yuav theej xeeb ceem ntawd feem ntau yog cov ntoo yooj – lawv noj cov khoom ntawm cov nplooj epidermises. Qhov no los kuj hu ntawm lends “nplooj blotch yooj” vim koj thiaj pom cov translucent thaj ua rau thaj rau npaub muaj ' puas lawm’ txhob tawm hauv cov ntoo. Tsis tsuas yog ib hom theej party-kev, tab sis lawv yuav los ua yam ntxwv ntawm tus heev kuv lub qauv hauv daim nplooj. Li ntawd, yog tias koj pom ib tug ntoo kuv thiab koj paub hom tsob nroj, yuav muaj koj yuav paub tau tias hom Nepticulid li nws (tab sis tsis txhua nplooj mines ua nepticulids, muaj ntau ntau lwm yam kab uas yuav ua zoo li no). Rearing cov npaub tseem theej yooj yim, koj tsuas yuav tau ua yog pop nplooj hauv ib lub hnab thiab tos tus npauj noj tas. Ib tug kab ntsig tsuas yog ib nplooj (los yog ib ntu ntawm nplooj) – tiam sis tu tau noj kom cov nplooj ntsuab thaum cov kab ntsig txau. Yog xyuas nplooj, thiaj yuav tus kab ntsig. Vim li no muaj peev xwm paradoxical qhia hais tias daim mines thiab cov laus tsis muaj yog muaj nyiaj tsab Conference tshawb fawb ua rau lawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim ob peb tug teeb rau tej qoob loo. Tus thawj duab hauv qab no kom meej meej illustrates tus kab ntsig pub nyob rau hauv daim nplooj – thiab txoj kev uas nws muaj no Child left behind frass.

Stigmella aceris (txuas mus rau daim credit duab)

Stigmella paradoxa (txuas mus rau daim credit duab)

Yog koj saib cov dluab ntawm mines saum toj no tsis txhua li nyuab nyuab heev los xav txog tej yam muaj lug zoo ib yam li no fossilizing. Thiab amazingly, lawv muaj! Daim duab thawj zaug hauv qab (Al li Labandeira., 1994) qhia tau hais tias muaj ntau nplooj tsuas Nepticulidae mines (thiab ib Gracillariidae) ntawm lub mid-Cretaceous (97 lab lub xyoo dhau los). Qhov spectacular txog nplooj mines yog tias koj yuav tau rau qib genus thiab cov tej hom. Tus sau phau ntawv twb tau qha ntawm cov nepticulid genera Stigmella thiab Ectoedemia raws li cov qauv fwm nyob hauv lub fossils; cov uas peb tseem siv pab nyias genera hnub no. Qhov hauv qab kev nyob ib mine nyob rau Nyiajpoom teb uas tsuas ze sab 8 lab lub xyoo (Kuroko, 1987).

(Labanderia, 1994)

(Kuroko, 1987)

Chiv keeb

Kuroko, H. (1987). Ib tug pob txha nplooj Mine Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) ntawm Nyiajpoom Teb. Sugadaira muaj txiag ntsia Res/cov sx / Montane. Cen., No.8, 119-121.

Labandeira, C. (1994). CUAJCAUM - xya plhom xyoo Angiosperm-kab Association: Paleobiological Insights mus rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm Coevolution Zaug ntawm lub teb chaws Academy ntawm Sciences, 91 (25), 12278-12282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.25.12278

PUPLESIS, R., DIŠKUS, A., ROBINSON, G., & ONORE, G. (2002). Tus xyuas thiab ntawv ntawm lub Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) Txiag ntsia txog Natural History tsev cia puav pheej. Entomology Series, 71 (01) DOI: 10.1017/S0968045402000032

Powell, J.A., Opler, P.A. (2010). Npaub of Western North America – yog J. A. Powell thiab P. A. Opler Systematic Entomology, 35 (2), 347-347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00525.x